Natural Therapies Review 2019

The journey that has considered evidence regarding the effectiveness of Pilates has been long – metaphorically, a TV series. Season 1 kicked off in 2015, when the Federal Government undertook its first review of Pilates. There was a huge outcry that the process was flawed, with only a dozen or so studies included in the review. After much pressure was brought to bear, a second review was commissioned, and this is where our story picks up.

Season 2, Episode 1 recap:

From 1 April 2019, Circular 69/18 came into force making it illegal for private healthinsurers to pay rebates for 16 natural therapies. In addition to Pilates, this included Alexander Technique, aromatherapy, Bowen Therapy, Buteyko, Feldenkrais, homeopathy, iridology, kinesiology, naturopathy, reflexology, Rolfing, shiatsu, tai chi, Western herbal medicine and yoga.

In line with Circular 69/18, the Natural Therapies Review commenced to evaluate the evidence for these therapies. This led to the establishment of the Natural Therapies Review Expert Advisory Panel (NTREAP). We are fortunate to have Dr Penny Latey represent Pilates on this panel.    Please note the word “Advisory” and  be aware that panel members are bound by the Official Secrets Act. Whilst the panel provides input and comments, they have no decision-making powers.

Initially, modalities were to be evaluated in two tranches with separate reports for each. Pilates was to have been in the first tranche. Subsequently, it was decided to amalgamate all therapies into one report.

The proposed timeframe was 18 months, but with the distraction of Covid, and the scale of the work involved, the report has still not been finalised.

Latest Episode recap, Season 2 Episode 13:

The last NTREAP meeting was held on July 18.

The last stakeholder meeting was held on 31 July. The PAA is a stakeholder along with the associations representing each of the therapies and other interested parties like Choice and Private Healthcare Australia.

At this meeting, stakeholders were advised that the report would be completed in September and there would be a final meeting of the panel to review the report, followed by a final stakeholder meeting. To date, we have not been given any further information.

Upcoming Season 2, Episode 14:

Once the report is complete, it will be provided to the Minister for Health and Aged Care, The Hon Mark Butler, MP. How he will respond to the report and what he does with the report is currently unknown.

Possible scenarios:

There are several scenarios but below are the major ones that we believe need to be prepared for.

1) The Health Minister chooses to not release the report. (If he receives it in December, given not much happens in Canberra from December to February, we may well continue to be uninformed of his decision until next year.)

As there are 16 natural therapies impatiently awaiting the report and the follow-on effects, the response to a non-release could be interesting. Because of the secrecy surrounding the report, we do not know if the outcome will be favourable or not.

2) The Health Minister chooses to release the report

1. a) but there is no strong evidence for Pilates. It is important to note that Pilates may well be effective but there currently might not be strong evidence that shows that. This can happen for a variety of reasons. For example, the studies might only cover a small number of participants and so the statistical evidence is not strong.
2. b) or there is strong evidence for Pilates in some circumstances but not others
3. c) or there is strong evidence for Pilates

Regardless which of these scenarios eventuates, the Government will need to withdraw Circular 69/18 before health funds can legally offer rebates for Pilates.

If the Circular is withdrawn, it will then be up to the health funds to decide if they wish to reinstate Pilates as a rebateable service. Subsequent to this decision, they will then decide what will be covered, who can provide the service and what the rebate will be. We believe it is likely that, given the current popularity of Pilates, if one health fund decides to cover Pilates sessions, the others are likely to follow suit.

 

Anticipating next season:

What the PAA committee is doing

a) Working with other natural therapies – this is an area where we are treading carefully. Where our objectives align with other natural therapies, we are working together.

b) We are planning for the different scenarios and will keep you updated

What can we do together?

We can, along with our clients, advocate for our profession.

a) Do you have skills or contacts that may be helpful in advocating for Pilates?

b) Are you involved or have connections to any peak bodies or consumer groups where Pilates would be a suitable treatment. Examples include:

• Diabetes Australia
• Arthritis Australia
• Parkinson’s Australia

c) We are preparing a campaign to contact members of parliament and private healthfunds. Once prepared we will be asking for:

• your assistance in sending communications from you as a member, and
• your help in enlisting your clients to participate in the campaign

If you can assist, please email us at info@pilates.org.au

Resources:

NHMRC

Natural Therapies Review 2019-20

Natural Therapies Review Expert Advisory Panel

On 18 July 2024, the Natural Therapies Review Expert Advisory Panel (NTREAP) held its eleventh meeting by videoconference. The following is a summary of the outcomes arising from the meeting.

Draft evidence evaluations for Alexander Technique, Feldenkrais, Kinesiology, and Reflexology

The NHMRC presented the draft Alexander Technique, Buteyko, Feldenkrais, kinesiology, and reflexology evidence evaluations. Members commented that the reports are well written with a respectful tone, easy to read and suggested minor improvements for consumer readability. In particular, describing the scope of the therapies to more clearly differentiate them from other therapies in the summary sections of the evaluations. The NHMRC will proceed to finalise the evaluation with the evidence reviewers.

Progress and timing of the Review

Research protocols
All protocols finalised.

Outcome prioritisation
All outcome prioritisation finalised.

Draft evidence evaluations
All draft evidence evaluations finalised.

Final evidence evaluations
Final evidence evaluations for Bowen Therapy, homeopathy, naturopathy Review B, western herbal medicine, Alexander Technique, Buteyko, Feldenkrais, kinesiology, and reflexology in progress following NTREAP input.
Final evidence evaluations completed for Pilates, Rolfing, iridology, shiatsu, tai chi, yoga, naturopathy Review A and aromatherapy.

After collating the research for the Natural Therapies review, we have continued to monitor research on Pilates. We are working on a new website which is planned to allow searchable fields for research into Pilates.

As we build this capability, we will publish here a list of new research that has been added to our database.

Stay tuned for more information.

 

2022 Pilates Research

‘Pain neuroscience education and graded exposure versus Pilates and postural education: A pilot study in an occupational context’, Alves, S.M., Puentedura, E.J. and Silva, A.G. (2022), Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 0(0), pp. 1–12. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2022.2122914.

‘Impact of Clinical Pilates Exercise on Pain, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Functional Ability, and Quality of Life in Children with Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis’, Azab, A.R. et al. (2022), International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13), p. 7793. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19137793.

‘The management of lower back pain using pilates method: assessment of content exercise reporting in RCTs’, Barros, B.S. de et al. (2022), Disability and Rehabilitation, 44(11), pp. 2428–2436. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1836269.

Comparison of Pilates and dance aerobics on peak expiratory flow rate, body composition, and core strength in overweight and Grade 1 obese individuals – A randomized control trial. Baxi (no date), Available at: https://www.bldeujournalhs.in/article.asp?issn=2468-838X;year=2021;volume=6;issue=2;spage=121;epage=126;aulast=Baxi (Accessed: 2 August 2022).

Do patients with fibromyalgia have body image and tactile acuity distortion? – PubMed (no date). Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36345889/ (Accessed: 10 November 2022).

‘Six weeks of Pilates improved functional mobility, postural balance and spatiotemporal parameters of gait to decrease the risk of falls in healthy older adults’, Donatoni da Silva, L. et al. (2022), Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 29, pp. 1–9. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.06.014.

‘The Effect of Social Appearance Anxiety on Psychological Well-Being: A Study on Women Doing Regular Pilates Activities’, Duyan, M., Ilkim, M. and Çelik, T. (2022), Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences, 16(02), pp. 797–797. Available at: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162797.

Effect of Breathing Pattern and Posture on Abdominal Muscle Activation and Intra-abdominal Pressure (2022). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2019561/v1.

Effect of Pilates exercises with celery seed on antinuclear antibody levels in middle-aged women (2022). Available at: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1691604/v1.

‘The Role of Exercise in Treating Low Back Pain’, Essman, M. and Lin, C.Y. (2022), Current Sports Medicine Reports, 21(8), pp. 267–271. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000982.

‘The Effects of a Pilates Exercise Program on Pain, Functional Capacity, and Quality of Life in Breast Cancer Survivors One Year Postsurgery’, Ferreira de Rezende, L. et al. (2022), Oncology Nursing Forum, 49(2), pp. 125–131. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1188/22.ONF.125-131.

‘The Effect of Schroth Exercises on Cobb Angle, Quality of Life, and Functional Capacity in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials’, Ghorayeb, J. et al. (2022), 19, pp. 22–39.

‘Knee, low back and disabling pain and their associated factors in instructors of gym clubs: a census study’, Häfele, V. et al. (2022a), Cadernos Saúde Coletiva [Preprint], (AHEAD).

‘PILATES METHOD IMPROVES PHYSICAL CAPACITY AND ANTI-OXIDATIVE SYSTEM IN ELDERLY WOMEN’, Lacchini, S. et al. (2022), Journal of Hypertension, 40(Suppl 1), p. e65. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.hjh.0000835800.37810.29.

‘Comparação eletromiográfica entre posturas do método pilates executadas em diferentes ambientes: Electromyographic comparison between pilates method postures executed in different environments’, Magalhães, Á.B. et al. (2022), STUDIES IN MULTIDISCIPLINARY REVIEW, 3(3), pp. 741–761. Available at: https://doi.org/10.55034/smrv3n3-022.

‘Mat Pilates and belly dance: Effects on patient-reported outcomes among breast cancer survivors receiving hormone therapy and adherence to exercise’ (2022) Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.researcher-app.com/paper/13219328 (Accessed: 10 November 2022).

‘Medical Flossing and the Pilates Method: Their Effectiveness on the Strength, Endurance, and Functionality of Healthy Individuals’, Muacevic, A. et al. (no date) Cureus, 13(4), pp. 0–0. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.14758.

‘Which type of mind-body exercise is most effective in improving functional performance and quality of life in patients with Parkinson’s disease? A systematic review with network meta-analysis’,Mustafaoglu, R., Ahmed, I. and Pang, M.Y.C. (2022),  Acta Neurologica Belgica [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-022-02070-4.

‘What modifies the effect of an exercise treatment for chronic low back pain? A meta-epidemiologic regression analysis of risk of bias and comparative effectiveness’, Niederer, D., Weippert, M. and Behrens, M. (2022), Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2022.11149.

‘Pilates Exercises Improves Anticipatory Muscular Activation in Elderly Women: A RCT Study’, Noghani, N., Sheikhhoseini, R. and Babakhani, F. (2022), Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics, 0(0), pp. 1–16. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/02703181.2022.2119322.

‘Benefits of Pilates in the Elderly Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis’, Pereira, M.J. et al. (2022), European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 12(3), pp. 236–268. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12030018.

Pilates vs yoga: How do the two practices affect the body? – Researc (no date). Available at: https://www.researcher-app.com/paper/12334666 (Accessed: 16 August 2022).

Prostate cancer cases risk late detection due to misleading urinary (no date). Available at: https://www.researcher-app.com/paper/12347440 (Accessed: 16 August 2022).

‘Feasibility of Pilates for Late-Stage Frail Older Adults to Minimize Falls and Enhance Cognitive Functions’, Sarashina, E. et al. (2022),  Applied Sciences, 12(13), p. 6716. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136716.

‘The effects of Pilates training on respiratory muscle strength in patients with ankylosing spondylitis’ (2022) Physiotherapy Theory and Practice [Preprint]. Available at: https://www.researcher-app.com/paper/12371083 (Accessed: 16 August 2022).

Last updated 21 December 2019

Name of study	Year published	Authors
Yoga and other meditative movement therapies to reduce chronic pain.	2017	Achilefu A; Joshi K; Meier M; McCarthy LH, The Journal Of The Oklahoma State Medical Association [J Okla State Med Assoc], ISSN: 0030-1876, 2017 Jan; Vol. 110 (1), pp. 14-16; Publisher: Oklahoma State Medical Association; PMID: 28190896
Some Effects of Supplemental Pilates Training on the Posture, Strength, and Flexibility of Dancers 17 to 22 Years of Age.	2018	Ahearn EL, Greene A, Lasner A. (2018) Journal of Dance Medicine & Science 22(4), 192-202.
Comparison of the Effect of Acupressure and Pilates-Based Exercises on Sleep Quality of Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized ControlledTrial.	2017	Ahmadinezhad M; Kargar M; Vizeshfar F; Hadianfard MJ, Iranian Journal Of Nursing And Midwifery Research [Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res], ISSN: 1735-9066, 2017 Mar-Apr; Vol. 22 (2), pp. 140-146; Publisher: Medknow Publications; PMID: 28584553
Effects of Pilates training on sleep quality, anxiety, depression and fatigue in postmenopausal women: A randomized controlled trial.	2019	Aibar-Almazán A; Hita-Contreras F; Cruz-Díaz D; de la Torre-Cruz M; Jiménez-García JD; Martínez-Amat A, Maturitas [Maturitas], ISSN: 1873-4111, 2019 Jun; Vol. 124, pp. 62-67; Publisher: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press; PMID: 31097181
Effects of Pilates on fall risk factors in community-dwelling elderly women: A randomized, controlled trial.	2019	Aibar-Almazán A; Martínez-Amat A; Cruz-Díaz D; De la Torre-Cruz MJ; Jiménez-García JD; Zagalaz-Anula N; Pérez-Herrezuelo I; Hita-Contreras F, European Journal Of Sport Science [Eur J Sport Sci], ISSN: 1536-7290, 2019 Apr 16, pp. 1-9; Publisher: Routledge/Taylor & Francis; PMID: 30990762
Pilates-based exercise for persistent, non-specific low back pain and associated functional disability: a meta-analysis with meta-regression	2013	Aladro-Gonzalvo AR, Araya-Vargas GA, Machado-Diaz M, Salazar-Rojas W
A study to analyse the efficacy of modified Pilates based exercises and therapeutic exercises in individuals with chronic non specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial	2014	Albert Anand U, Mariet Caroline P, Arun B, Lakshmi Gomathi G (International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research,Int J Physiother Res 2014, Vol 2(3):525-29. ISSN 2321-1822)
Effect of Pilates training on people with ankylosing spondylitis	2013	Altan L, et al. (2012). Rheumatol Int 32(7): 2093-2099.
Application of Pilates principles increases paraspinal muscle activation	2015	Andrade LS, et al. (2015) . J Bodywork Move Ther 19(1): 62-66.
The effects of clinical Pilates exercises on bone mineral density, physical performance and quality of life of women with postmenopausal osteoporosis	TBA	Angin E, Erden Z, Can F
Effects of resistance training, tai chi chuan and mat pilates on multiple health variables in postmenopausal women	2018	Araujo-Gomez RC, et al. (2018) . Journal of Human Sport and Exercise Vol 0, Iss 0 (2018)(0).
Timed-daily ingestion of whey protein and exercise training reduces visceral adipose tissue mass and improves insulin resistance: the PRISE study	TBA	Arciero PJ, Baur D, Connelly S, Ormsbee MJ
Pilates Exercise Improves Hip Joint Flexion Mobility in Rugby Players	2018	Arihiro H, et al. (2018) . Advances in Exercise & Sports Physiology 24(3): 45-49.
Effectiveness of Manual Therapy and Therapeutic Exercise for Temporomandibular Disorders: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.	2016	Armijo-Olivo S; Pitance L; Singh V; Neto F; Thie N; Michelotti A, Physical Therapy [Phys Ther], ISSN: 1538-6724, 2016 Jan; Vol. 96 (1), pp. 9-25; Publisher: Oxford University Press; PMID: 26294683
The effects of Pilates exercise on sleep quality in postpartum women	TBA	Ashrafinia F, Mirmohammadali M, Rajabi H, Kazemnejad A, Sadeghniiat Haghighi K, Amelvalizadeh M, Chen H
Effect of Pilates exercises on postpartum maternal fatigue.	2015	Ashrafinia F, Mirmohammadali M, Rajabi H, Kazemnejad A, Sadeghniiat Haghighi K, Amelvalizadeh M. Singapore Med J. 2015 Mar;56(3):169-73.
The effects of Clinical Pilates exercises on patients with shoulder pain: A randomised clinical trial.	2017	Atilgan E, Aytar A, Caglar A, Tigli AA, Arin G, Yapali G, Kisacik P, Berberoglu U, Sener HO, Unal E. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Oct;21(4):847-851. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.02.003. Epub 2017 Mar 4.
Examining the postural awareness and flexibility changes in physical therapy students who took clinical Pilates class	2017	Atilgan E, et al. (2017). Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences 33(3), 640-644.
Effect of 12 weeks of selected Pilates exercise training on serum adiponectin level and insulin resistance in female survivors of breast cancer and its role in prevention of recurrence) [Persian]	2015	Azamian A, Mobarekeh BG, Vismeh Z, Gohar NP
Predictors of functional improvement in people with chronic low back pain following a graded Pilates-based exercise programme	2019	Baillie L, et al. (2019) . J Bodyw Mov Ther 23(1): 211-218.
Effect of 8-week Pilates exercises on kinematic parameters of balance and gait in deaf high school students) [Persian]	2018	Baluchi R, Babakhani F, Sheikhhoseini R, Panahi Yeng Abad M, Shirzad E
Activity of Lower Limb Muscles During Squat With and Without Abdominal Drawing-in and Pilates Breathing	2017	Barbosa AC, Martins FM, Silva AF, Coelho AC, Intelangelo L, Vieira ER. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Nov;31(11):3018-3023. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001877.
The Pilates breathing technique increases the electromyographic amplitude level of the deep abdominal muscles in untrained people	2015	Barbosa AWC, et al. (2015) . J Bodywork Move Ther 19(1): 57-61.
Effect of pilates exercise for improving balance in older adults: a systematic review with meta-analysis.	2015	Barker AL; Bird ML; Talevski J, Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation [Arch Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1532-821X, 2015 Apr; Vol. 96 (4), pp. 715-23; Publisher: W.B. Saunders; PMID: 25511371
Feasibility of Pilates exercise to decrease falls risk: a pilot randomized controlled trial in community-dwelling older people.	2016	Barker AL; Talevski J; Bohensky MA; Brand CA; Cameron PA; Morello RT, Clinical Rehabilitation [Clin Rehabil], ISSN: 1477-0873, 2016 Oct; Vol. 30 (10), pp. 984-996; Publisher: SAGE Publications; PMID: 26385357
The Acute Effects of Mat Pilates on Hemodynamic and Salivary Nitrite Responses After Exercise in Postmenopausal Women	2019	Batista JP, et al. (2019). J Aging Phys Act: 1-7.
Effect of pilates method on inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength in the elderly	2018	Beatriz Mendes T & Marcelo Tavella N. (2018) . Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2018)(1), 1.
Exercise and Sports Science Australia (ESSA) position statement on exercise prescription for the prevention and management of osteoporosis	2017	Beck BR, et al. (2017) . J Sci Med Sport 20(5): 438-445.
Effects of a Pilates exercise program on muscle strength, postural control and body composition: results from a pilot study in a group of post-menopausal women	2015	Bergamin M, et al. (2015). Age (Dordr) Dec;37(6):118.
Effects of Mat Pilates on hip and knee isokinetic torque parameters in elderly women	2018	Bertoli J, et al. (2018) . J Bodywork Move Ther 22(3), 798-804.
Are Pilates and yoga right for clients with low bone density?	2015	Betz SR. (2015) IDEA Fitness Journal Sept; pp. 80-84.
Comparative effectiveness of lumbar stabilization, dynamic strengthening, and Pilates on chronic low back pain: randomized clinical trial	2017	Bhadauria EA, Gurudut P (J Exerc Rehabil. 2017 Aug; 13(4): 477–485. Published online 2017 Aug 29. doi: 10.12965/jer.1734972.486)
Positive long-term effects of Pilates exercise on the aged-related decline in balance and strength in older, community-dwelling men and women	2014	Bird ML, & Fell J. (2014) . J Aging Phys Act 22(3): 342-347.
There is not yet strong evidence that exercise regimens other than pelvic floor muscle training can reduce stress urinary incontinence in women: a systematic review [with consumer summary]	2013	Bo K, Herbert RD
Pilates exercises improve low back pain and quality of life in patients with HTLV-1 virus: a randomized crossover clinical trial	2014	Borges J, Baptista AF, Santana N, Souza I, Kruschewsky RA, Galvao-Castro B, Sa KN (J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2014 Jan;18(1):68-74. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2013.05.010. Epub 2013 Jun 5.)
Effects of Mat Pilates on Physical Functional Performance of Older Adults: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.	2018	Bueno de Souza RO; Marcon LF; Arruda ASF; Pontes Junior FL; Melo RC, American Journal Of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation [Am J Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1537-7385, 2018 Jun; Vol. 97 (6), pp. 414-425; Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; PMID: 29283899
The effects of Mat Pilates and Reformer Pilates in patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A randomized controlled study.	2017	Bulguroglu I, Guclu-Gunduz A, Yazici G, Ozkul C, Irkec C, Nazliel B, Batur-Caglayan HZ. NeuroRehabilitation. 2017;41(2):413-422. doi: 10.3233/NRE-162121.
The effects of Pilates exercise training on physical fitness and wellbeing in the elderly: A systematic review for future exercise prescription.	2015	Bullo V, Bergamin M, Gobbo S, Sieverdes JC, Zaccaria M, Neunhaeuserer D, Ermolao A. Prev Med. 2015 Jun;75:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.03.002. Epub 2015 Mar 12. Review.
Is Pilates an effective rehabilitation tool? A systematic review.	2018	Byrnes K; Wu PJ; Whillier S, Journal Of Bodywork And Movement Therapies [J Bodyw Mov Ther], ISSN: 1532-9283, 2018 Jan; Vol. 22 (1), pp. 192-202; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 29332746
Effects of Pilates on muscle strength, postural balance and quality of life of older adults: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial.	2015	Campos de Oliveira L; Gonçalves de Oliveira R; Pires-Oliveira DA, Journal Of Physical Therapy Science [J Phys Ther Sci], ISSN: 0915-5287, 2015 Mar; Vol. 27 (3), pp. 871-6; Publisher: Society of Physical Therapy Science; PMID: 25931749
Effects of mat Pilates training and habitual physical activity on thoracoabdominal \\expansion during quiet and vital capacity breathing in healthy women	2019	Campos JL, et al. (2019) . J Sports Med Phys Fitness 59(1): 57-64.
Effect of the Pilates method on physical conditioning of healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis.	2016	Campos RR; Dias JM; Pereira LM; Obara K; Barreto MS; Silva MF; Mazuquin BF; Christofaro DG; Fernandes RA; Iversen MD; Cardoso JR, The Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness [J Sports Med Phys Fitness], ISSN: 1827-1928, 2016 Jul-Aug; Vol. 56 (7-8), pp. 864-73; Publisher: Edizioni Minerva Medica; PMID: 26004043
Effects of Pilates method in physical fitness on older adults. A systematic review.	2014	Cancela J, et al. (2014) European Reviews of Aging & Physical Activity 11(2): 81-94.
Feasibility and Efficacy of Mat Pilates on People with Mild-to-Moderate Parkinson's Disease: A Preliminary Study.	2018	Cancela JM; Mollinedo Cardalda I; Ayán C; de Oliveira IM, Rejuvenation Research [Rejuvenation Res], ISSN: 1557-8577, 2018 Apr; Vol. 21 (2), pp. 109-116; Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.; PMID: 28712331
Respiratory pattern of diaphragmatic breathing and Pilates breathing in COPD subjects	2014	Cancelliero-Gaiad Karina M, et al. (2014) . Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia Sao Carlos (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 18(4): 291-299. (Prospective, Randomized Crossover Trial)
Muscle strategies for leg extensions on a Reformer apparatus	2015	Cantergi D, et al. (2015) . J Electromyogr Kinesiol Apr;25(2):260-4.
Pilates vs. muscular training in older women. Effects in functional factors and the cognitive interaction: A randomized controlled trial.	2019	Carrasco-Poyatos M; Rubio-Arias JA; Ballesta-García I; Ramos-Campo DJ, Physiology & Behavior [Physiol Behav], ISSN: 1873-507X, 2019 Mar 15; Vol. 201, pp. 157-164; Publisher: Elsevier Science; PMID: 30529737
Ottawa Panel Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Structured Physical Activity in the Management of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.	2017	Cavallo S; Brosseau L; Toupin-April K; Wells GA; Smith CA; Pugh AG; Stinson J; Thomas R; Ahmed S; Duffy CM; Rahman P; Àlvarez-Gallardo IC; Loew L; De Angelis G; Feldman DE; Majnemer A; Gagnon IJ; Maltais D; Mathieu MÈ; Kenny GP; Tupper S; Whitney-Mahoney K; Bigford S, Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation [Arch Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1532-821X, 2017 May; Vol. 98 (5), pp. 1018-1041; Publisher: W.B. Saunders; PMID: 27932265
The effectiveness of Pilates for partial anterior cruciate ligament injury.	2017	Çelik D & Turkel N. (2015) Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Aug 1.
Effects of the Pilates method on neck pain: a systematic review	2017	Cemin NF, Detogni Schmit EF, Tarrago Candotti C
Comparison between specific exercises and physical therapy for managing patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials	2016	Chang W-D, Tsou Y-A, Lee C-L
Effectiveness of Pilates training in improving hamstring flexibility of football players	2015	Chinnavan E, Gopaladhas S, Kaikondan P
Intra-abdominal pressure during Pilates: unlikely to cause pelvic floor harm	2015	Coleman TJ, et al. (2015). Int Urogynecol J.
Comparative effects of 12 weeks of equipment based and mat Pilates in patients with Chronic Low Back Pain on pain, function and transversus abdominis activation. A randomized controlled trial.	2017	Cruz-Díaz D; Bergamin M; Gobbo S; Martínez-Amat A; Hita-Contreras F, Complementary Therapies In Medicine [Complement Ther Med], ISSN: 1873-6963, 2017 Aug; Vol. 33, pp. 72-77; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 28735829
Effects of a six-week Pilates intervention on balance and fear of falling in women aged over 65 with chronic low-back pain: A randomized controlled trial.	2015	Cruz-Díaz D; Martínez-Amat A; De la Torre-Cruz MJ; Casuso RA; de Guevara NM; Hita-Contreras F, Maturitas [Maturitas], ISSN: 1873-4111, 2015 Dec; Vol. 82 (4), pp. 371-6; Publisher: Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press; PMID: 26277254
Short- and long-term effects of a six-week clinical Pilates program in addition to physical therapy on postmenopausal women with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.	2016	Cruz-Díaz D; Martínez-Amat A; Osuna-Pérez MC; De la Torre-Cruz MJ; Hita-Contreras F, Disability And Rehabilitation [Disabil Rehabil], ISSN: 1464-5165, 2016; Vol. 38 (13), pp. 1300-8; Publisher: Taylor & Francis; PMID: 26474232
The effectiveness of 12?weeks of Pilates intervention on disability, pain and kinesiophobia in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.	2018	Cruz-Díaz D; Romeu M; Velasco-González C; Martínez-Amat A; Hita-Contreras F, Clinical Rehabilitation [Clin Rehabil], ISSN: 1477-0873, 2018 Sep; Vol. 32 (9), pp. 1249-1257; Publisher: SAGE Publications; PMID: 29651872
Does Pilates-Based Exercise Improve Postural Alignment in Adult Women? Women & Health	2013	Cruz-Ferreira A et al. (2013) Aug; 53(6): 597-611. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Effects of 16-weeks of Pilates on functional autonomy and life satisfaction among elderly women.	2018	Curi VS; Haas AN; Alves-Vilaça J; Fernandes HM, Journal Of Bodywork And Movement Therapies [J Bodyw Mov Ther], ISSN: 1532-9283, 2018 Apr; Vol. 22 (2), pp. 424-429; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 29861245
Effects of 16-weeks of Pilates on health perception and sleep quality among elderly women.	2018	Curi VS; Vilaça J; Haas AN; Fernandes HM, Archives Of Gerontology And Geriatrics [Arch Gerontol Geriatr], ISSN: 1872-6976, 2018 Jan; Vol. 74, pp. 118-122; Publisher: Elsevier Biomedical Press; PMID: 29096225
Analysis of activities in the daily lives of older adults exposed to the Pilates Method	2014	Curi-Perez, et al. (2014) . J Bodywork Move Ther 18(3): 326-331.
Effect of the Pilates method on women with temporomandibular disorders: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.	2016	da Costa LMR; Schimit EFD; Souza C; Wagner Neto ES; de Souza da Silva L; Candotti CT; Loss JF, Journal Of Bodywork And Movement Therapies [J Bodyw Mov Ther], ISSN: 1532-9283, 2016 Jan; Vol. 20 (1), pp. 110-114; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 26891645
Effectiveness of mat Pilates or equipment-based Pilates exercises in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial	2014	da Luz MA, Costa LOP, Fuhro FF, Manzoni ACT, Oliveira NTB, Cabral CMN (Phys Ther. 2014 May;94(5):623-31. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20130277. Epub 2014 Jan 16.)
Outcomes of a pilates-based intervention for individuals with lateral epicondylosis: A pilot study.	2015	Dale LM, Mikuski C, Miller J. Work. 2015;53(1):163-74.
Comparison of the effects of two selected exercises of Theraband and Pilates on the balance and strength of lower limb in elderly women) [Persian]	2015	Dashti P, Shabani M, Moazami M
Benefits of Pilates in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis	2019	David Suárez-Iglesias, Kyle J Miller, ,Manuel Seijo-Martínez, Carlos Ayán
The influence of inspiratory muscle training combined with the Pilates method on lung function in elderly women: A randomized controlled trial.	2018	de Alvarenga GM; Charkovski SA; Santos LKD; Silva MABD; Tomaz GO; Gamba HR, Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) [Clinics (Sao Paulo)], ISSN: 1980-5322, 2018; Vol. 73, pp. e356; Publisher: Hospital das Cli?nicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sa?o Paulo; PMID: 29924184
Effectiveness of the Pilates Method in the Treatment of Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	2018	de Araujo Cazotti L; Jones A; Roger-Silva D; Ribeiro LHC; Natour J, Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation [Arch Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1532-821X, 2018 Sep; Vol. 99 (9), pp. 1740-1746; Publisher: W.B. Saunders; PMID: 29752907
Immediate effect of a Pilates method exercise session on the co-contraction pattern of the trunk stabilizing muscles in individuals with and without nonspecific chronic low back pain	2018	de Barros Silveira AP, et al. (2018). Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 25(2): 173-181. (Portuguese)
Effects of Pilates method in elderly people: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials.	2015	de Oliveira Francisco C; de Almeida Fagundes A; Gorges B, Journal Of Bodywork And Movement Therapies [J Bodyw Mov Ther], ISSN: 1532-9283, 2015 Jul; Vol. 19 (3), pp. 500-8; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 26118523
Effects of Pilates on muscle strength, postural balance and quality of life of older adults: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial	TBA	de Oliveira LC, Goncalves de Oliveira R, de Almeida Pires-Oliveira DA
Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Versus Pilates Exercise on Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized and Controlled Clinical Trial.	2019	de Oliveira LC; de Oliveira RG; de Almeida Pires-Oliveira DA, Journal Of Geriatric Physical Therapy (2001) [J Geriatr Phys Ther], ISSN: 2152-0895, 2019 Apr/Jun; Vol. 42 (2), pp. E23-E31; Publisher: Section on Geriatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association; PMID: 29443867
Pilates method in the community: effect on the body posture of elderly women	2018	de Oliveira LMN, et al. (2018) . Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 25(3): 315-322. (Portuguese)
The effectiveness of general physical exercise for individuals with chronic neck pain: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials	2018	de Zoete RMJ, Brown L, Oliveira K, Penglaze L, Rex R, Sawtell B, Sullivan T
The effects of a novel Pilates exercise prescription method on people with non-specific unilateral musculoskeletal pain: a randomised pilot trial	2016	Devasahayam AJ, Ho DRY, Leung EYS, Goh MR, Koh P
A Pilates exercise program with pelvic floor muscle contraction: Is it effective for pregnant women? A randomized controlled trial.	2018	Dias NT; Ferreira LR; Fernandes MG; Resende APM; Pereira-Baldon VS, Neurourology And Urodynamics [Neurourol Urodyn], ISSN: 1520-6777, 2018 Jan; Vol. 37 (1), pp. 379-384; Publisher: Alan R. Liss; PMID: 28543751
Effect of diverse physical rehabilitative interventions on static postural control in diabetic peripheral neuropathy: a systematic review.	2018	Dixit S; Gular K; Asiri F, Physiotherapy Theory And Practice [Physiother Theory Pract], ISSN: 1532-5040, 2018 Jul 06, pp. 1-12; Publisher: Informa Healthcare; PMID: 29979897
Pilates vs. Balance Training in Health Community-Dwelling Seniors: a 3-arm, Randomized ControlledTrial.	2016	Donath L; Roth R; Hürlimann C; Zahner L; Faude O, International Journal Of Sports Medicine [Int J Sports Med], ISSN: 1439-3964, 2016 Mar; Vol. 37 (3), pp. 202-10; Publisher: Thieme; PMID: 26630547
Pilates improves lower limbs strength and postural control during quite standing in a child with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: A case report study	2016	Dos Santos AN, et al. (2016) . Dev Neurorehabil 19(4): 226-230.
Respiratory muscle performance after 12 sessions of training using the apparatus Reformer of Pilates method	2019	dos Santos NT, et al. (2019) . Fisioterapia e Pesquisa 26(1): 58-64. (Portuguese)
Increased strength of the scapular stabilizer and lumbar muscles after twelve weeks of Pilates training using the Reformer machine: A pilot study.	2017	Dos Santos NT, Raimundo KC, da Silva SA, Souza LA, Ferreira KC, Borges Santo Urbano ZF, Gasparini AL, Bertoncello D. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Jan;21(1):74-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 Jun 1.
Impact of Pilates Exercise in Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	2018	Duff WRD; Andrushko JW; Renshaw DW; Chilibeck PD; Farthing JP; Danielson J; Evans CD, International Journal Of MS Care [Int J MS Care], ISSN: 1537-2073, 2018 Mar-Apr; Vol. 20 (2), pp. 92-100; Publisher: Clinicians Group; PMID: 29670495
A Multimethod Investigation into Physical Activity in Midlife Women	2016	Dugan SA, et al. (2016) . J Phys Act Health: 1-25.
Comparative effectiveness of Pilates and yoga group exercise interventions for chronic mechanical neck pain: quasi-randomised parallel controlled study.	2016	Dunleavy K, Kava K, Goldberg A, Malek MH, Talley SA, Tutag-Lehr V, Hildreth J. Physiotherapy. 2016 Sep;102(3):236-42. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.06.002. Epub 2015 Aug 13.
Impact of clinical mat Pilates on body composition and functional indices in female patients with multiple sclerosis	TBA	Eftekhari E, Etemadifar M
Effects of active/passive interventions on pain, anxiety, and quality of life in women with fibromyalgia: Randomized controlled pilot trial.	2017	Ekici G; Unal E; Akbayrak T; Vardar-Yagli N; Yakut Y; Karabulut E, Women & Health [Women Health], ISSN: 1541-0331, 2017 Jan; Vol. 57 (1), pp. 88-107; Publisher: Routledge; PMID: 26882533
Application of Pilates-based exercises in the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain: state of the art.	2019	Eliks M, Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak M, Ze?czak-Praga K. Postgrad Med J. 2019
The effects of the Pilates method in the elderly: a systematic review.	2016	Engers PB, Rombaldi AJ, Portella EG, da Silva MC. Rev Bras Reumatol Engl Ed. 2016 Jul-Aug;56(4):352-65. doi: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.05.005. Epub 2016 Jun 1. Review. English, Portuguese.
Pilates for breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	2017	Espíndula RC; Nadas GB; Rosa MID; Foster C; Araújo FC; Grande AJ, Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) [Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992)], ISSN: 1806-9282, 2017 Nov; Vol. 63 (11), pp. 1006-1012; Publisher: Associac?a?o Me?dica Brasileira; PMID: 29451666
Comparison of the functionality of pelvic floor muscles in women who practice the Pilates method and sedentary women: a pilot study	2016	Ferla L, et al. (2016) . Int Urogynecol J Jan;27(1):123-8.
Pilates training improves 5-km run performance by changing metabolic cost and muscle activity in trained runners.	2018	Finatto P, Silva ESD, Okamura AB, Almada BP, Storniolo JLL, Oliveira HB, Peyré-Tartaruga LA. PLoS One. 2018 Mar 21;13(3):e0194057. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194057. eCollection 2018. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2018 Apr 24;13(4):e0196509.
The effects of pilates on mental health outcomes: A meta-analysis of controlled trials.	2018	Fleming KM; Herring MP, Complementary Therapies In Medicine [Complement Ther Med], ISSN: 1873-6963, 2018 Apr; Vol. 37, pp. 80-95; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 29609943
Effects of a mat Pilates programme on body composition in elderly women	TBA	Fourie M, Gildenhuys GM, Shaw I, Shaw BS, Toriola AL, Goon DT
Effects of Pilates-Based Core Stability Training in Ambulant People With Multiple Sclerosis: Multicenter, Assessor-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.	2016	Fox EE; Hough AD; Creanor S; Gear M; Freeman JA, Physical Therapy [Phys Ther], ISSN: 1538-6724, 2016 Aug; Vol. 96 (8), pp. 1170-8; Publisher: Oxford University Press; PMID: 26893507
Air stacking: effects of Pilates mat exercises on muscle strength and on pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis.	2014	Franco CB, Ribeiro AF, Morcillo AM, Zambon MP, Almeida MB, Rozov T. J Bras Pneumol. 2014 Oct;40(5):521-7. English, Portuguese.
Predictive factors for progression through the difficulty levels of Pilates exercises in patients with low back pain: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.	2018	Franco KFM; Franco YRDS; Oliveira NTB; Padula RS; Cabral CMN, Brazilian Journal Of Physical Therapy [Braz J Phys Ther], ISSN: 1809-9246, 2018 Nov - Dec; Vol. 22 (6), pp. 512-518; Publisher: Elsevier B.V; PMID: 29703585
Is Interferential Current Before Pilates Exercises More Effective Than Placebo in Patients With Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain?: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	2017	Franco KM; Franco YD; Oliveira NB; Miyamoto GC; Santos MO; Liebano RE; Cabral CN, Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation [Arch Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1532-821X, 2017 Feb; Vol. 98 (2), pp. 320-328; Publisher: W.B. Saunders; PMID: 27771359
Effect of pilates exercise for improving balance in older adults (PEDro synthesis).	2018	Franco MR; Grande GHD; Padulla SAT, British Journal Of Sports Medicine [Br J Sports Med], ISSN: 1473-0480, 2018 Feb; Vol. 52 (3), pp. 199-200; Publisher: BMJ Publishing Group; PMID: 27815239
Does the use of interferential current prior to Pilates exercises accelerate improvement of chronic nonspecific low back pain?	2018	Franco YR, Franco KF, Silva LA, Silva MO, Rodrigues MN, Liebano RE, Cabral CM. Pain Manag. 2018 Nov 1;8(6):465-474. doi: 10.2217/pmt-2018-0034. Epub 2018 Nov 5.
The Effects of Pilates Training on Balance Control and Self-Reported Health Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial	2016	Gabizon H, et al. (2016) . J Aging Phys Act 24(3): 376-383.
The Effects of Pilates Training on Balance Control and Self-Reported Health Status in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	2016	Gabizon H; Press Y; Volkov I; Melzer I, Journal Of Aging And Physical Activity [J Aging Phys Act], ISSN: 1543-267X, 2016 Jul; Vol. 24 (3), pp. 376-83; Publisher: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.; PMID: 26540737
Effectiveness of physiotherapy in the approach to fibromyalgia. A review of the literature) [Spanish]	2013	Gamez-lruela J, Sedeno-Vidal A (Fisioterapia Volume 35, Issue 5, September–October 2013, Pages 224-231)
Does Pilates exercise increase physical activity, quality of life, latency, and sleep quantity in middle-aged people?	TBA	Garcia-Soidan JL, Giraldez VA, Cachon Zagalaz J, Lara-Sanchez AJ
A qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions of adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions following a 12-week Pilates exercise programme	2019	Gaskell L and Williams AE (2019) . Musculoskeletal Care 17(1): 54-62.
Physical activity and exercise for chronic pain in adults: an overview of Cochrane Reviews.	2017	Geneen LJ; Moore RA; Clarke C; Martin D; Colvin LA; Smith BH, The Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews [Cochrane Database Syst Rev], ISSN: 1469-493X, 2017 Apr 24; Vol. 4; Publisher: Wiley; Cochrane AN: CD011279; PMID: 28436583
Effect of a physical training program using the Pilates method on flexibility in elderly subjects	2015	Geremia JM, et al. (2015) . Age (Dordr) Dec;37(6):119.
The Pilates Method increases respiratory muscle strength and performance as well as abdominal muscle thickness.	2016	Giacomini MB, da Silva AM, Weber LM, Monteiro MB. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Apr;20(2):258-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.11.003. Epub 2015 Nov 10.
Too Fit To Fracture: outcomes of a Delphi consensus process on physical activity and exercise recommendations for adults with osteoporosis with or without vertebral fractures	2015	Giangregorio LM, et al. (2015) . Osteoporos Int 26(3): 891-910.
Effects of physical therapy for the management of patients with ankylosing spondylitis in the biological era.	2014	Giannotti E, Trainito S, Arioli G, Rucco V, Masiero S. Clin Rheumatol. 2014 Sep;33(9):1217-30. doi: 10.1007/s10067-014-2647-6. Epub 2014 May 7. Review.
Evaluation of Pilates training on agility, functional mobility and cardiorespiratory fitness in elderly women	TBA	Gildenhuys GM, Fourie M, Shaw I, Shaw B, Toriola A, Witthuhn J
Mind-Body Interventions for Individuals With Heart Failure: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials.	2018	Gok Metin Z; Ejem D; Dionne-Odom JN; Turkman Y; Salvador C; Pamboukian S; Bakitas M, Journal Of Cardiac Failure [J Card Fail], ISSN: 1532-8414, 2018 Mar; Vol. 24 (3), pp. 186-201; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 28939458
The effects of Pilates method on pelvic floor muscle strength in patients with post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence: A randomized clinical trial	2018	Gomes CS, et al. (2018) . Neurourol Urodyn.
Pilates Exercise for Hypertensive Patients: A Review of the Literature.	2016	Gonzáles AI, Nery T, Fragnani SG, Pereira F, Lemos RR, Bezerra PP, Haas P. Altern Ther Health Med. 2016 Sep;22(5):38-43. Review.
Functional improvements after a Pilates program in adolescents with a history of back pain: A randomised controlled trial.	2019	Gonzalez-Galvez N, Marcos-Pardo PJ, Carrasco-Poyatos M. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2019 May;35:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.01.006. Epub 2019 Jan 10.
The importance of trunk muscle strength for balance, functional performance, and fall prevention in seniors: a systematic review	2013	Granacher U, et al. (2013). Sports Med 43(7): 627-641.
Effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training vs. Pilates training on cognitive functions in older women with mild cognitive impairment: a pilot randomized controlled trial.	2017	Greblo Jurakic Z; Krizanic V; Sarabon N; Markovic G, Aging Clinical And Experimental Research [Aging Clin Exp Res], ISSN: 1720-8319, 2017 Dec; Vol. 29 (6), pp. 1295-1298; Publisher: Springer; PMID: 28251569
Pelvic floor muscle training for secondary prevention of pelvic organ prolapse (PREVPROL): a multicentre randomised controlled trial.	2017	Hagen S, Glazener C, McClurg D, Macarthur C, Elders A, Herbison P, Wilson D, Toozs-Hobson P, Hemming C, Hay-Smith J, Collins M, Dickson S, Logan J. Lancet. 2017 Jan 28;389(10067):393-402. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32109-2. Epub 2016 Dec 21.
Effects of Nordic Walking and Pilates exercise programs on blood glucose and lipid profile in overweight and obese postmenopausal women in an experimental, nonrandomized, open-label, prospective controlled trial.	2015	Hagner-Derengowska M, Kałużny K, Kochański B, Hagner W, Borkowska A, Czamara A, Budzyński J. Menopause. 2015 Nov;22(11):1215-23. doi: 10.1097/GME.0000000000000446.
Pilates for Better Sex: Changes in Sexual Functioning in Healthy Turkish Women After Pilates Exercise	2016	Halis F, et al. (2016) . J Sex Marital Ther May 18;42(4):302-8.
A comparison of the effects of Pilates and McKenzie training on pain and general health in men with chronic low back pain: a randomized trial	TBA	Hasanpour-Dehkordi A, Dehghani A, Solati K
The effect of Pilates exercise on quality of life of elderly women with type 2 diabetes) [Persian]	2018	Hassani N, Heravi-Karimooi M, Rejeh N, Ashtiani MHD, Sharifnia H, Ghanbari M, MohammadiNejad M
Fall prevention in postmenopausal women: the role of Pilates exercise training.	2016	Hita-Contreras F, Martínez-Amat A, Cruz-Díaz D, Pérez-López FR. Climacteric. 2016 Jun;19(3):229-33. doi: 10.3109/13697137.2016.1139564. Epub 2016 Feb 5. Review.
Osteosarcopenic obesity and fall prevention strategies.	2014	Hita-Contreras F, Martínez-Amat A, Cruz-Díaz D, Pérez-López FR. Maturitas. 2015 Feb;80(2):126-32. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.11.009. Epub 2014 Nov 25. Review.
Effect of Pilates Intervention on Physical Function of Children and Youth: A Systematic Review.	2019	Hornsby E, Johnston LM., Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2019 May 30. pii: S0003-9993(19)30383-1. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2019.05.023. [Epub ahead of print] Review.
Effects of Pilates Exercise on Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Older Women.	2015	Hwang Y, et al. (2015) J Aging Phys Act Dec 14.
Effects of Pilates Exercise on Salivary Secretory Immunoglobulin A Levels in Older Women	2016	Hwang Y, et al. (2016) . J Aging Phys Act 24(3): 399-406.
The effects of Pilates mat exercise on the balance ability of elderly females.	2014	Hyun J, et al. (2014) J Phys Ther Sci 26(2): 291-293. (Non-Randomized Controlled Trial)
The effectiveness of Pilates on balance and falls in community dwelling older adults.	2016	Josephs S, Pratt ML, Calk Meadows E, Thurmond S, Wagner A. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Oct;20(4):815-823. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.02.003. Epub 2016 Feb 10.
Core Training in Low Back Disorders: Role of the Pilates Method.	2017	Joyce AA, Kotler DH. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2017 May/Jun;16(3):156-161. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000365. Review.
Expiratory pressure change with the application of the Pilates method in adult women with hyperkyphosis) [Portuguese]	TBA	Junges S, Dias Molina R, Sartori J, Ferreira L, da Silva Filho IG
Pilates exercise training vs. physical therapy for improving walking and balance in people with multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial.	2017	Kalron A; Rosenblum U; Frid L; Achiron A, Clinical Rehabilitation [Clin Rehabil], ISSN: 1477-0873, 2017 Mar; Vol. 31 (3), pp. 319-328; Publisher: SAGE Publications; PMID: 26951348
Effectiveness of Pilates exercise: A quality evaluation and summary of systematic reviews based on randomized controlled trials.	2016	Kamioka H; Tsutani K; Katsumata Y; Yoshizaki T; Okuizumi H; Okada S; Park SJ; Kitayuguchi J; Abe T; Mutoh Y, Complementary Therapies In Medicine [Complement Ther Med], ISSN: 1873-6963, 2016 Apr; Vol. 25, pp. 1-19; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 27062942
Effects of a 12-week Pilates course on lower limb muscle strength and trunk flexibility in women living in the community.	2015	Kao YH, Liou TH, Huang YC, Tsai YW, Wang KM. Health Care Women Int. 2015;36(3):303-19. doi: 10.1080/07399332.2014.900062. Epub 2014 Apr 22.
Do Pilates-based exercises following total knee arthroplasty improve postural control and quality of life?	2017	Karaman A, Yuksel I, Kinikli GI, Caglar O. Physiother Theory Pract. 2017 Apr;33(4):289-295. doi: 10.1080/09593985.2017.1289578. Epub 2017 Mar 1.
Effect of Pilates training with vitamin E supplementation on some metabolic syndrome markers in overweight female adolescents) [Persian]	2018	Karimi F, Moradi M, Baghaiee B
Can Unconventional Exercise be Helpful in the Treatment, Management and Prevention of Osteosarcopenic Obesity?	2017	Kelly OJ, Gilman JC. Curr Aging Sci. 2017
Effect of exercise on stress urinary incontinence in women: a review study) [Persian]	2018	Khodarahmi S, Kariman N, Ebadi A, Ozgoli G
Can a pilates exercise program be effective on balance, flexibility and muscle endurance? A randomized controlled trial.	2016	Kibar S; Yardimci FÖ; Evcik D; Ay S; Alhan A; Manço M; Ergin ES, The Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness [J Sports Med Phys Fitness], ISSN: 1827-1928, 2016 Oct; Vol. 56 (10), pp. 1139-1146; Publisher: Edizioni Minerva Medica; PMID: 26473443
Effects of Schroth and Pilates exercises on the Cobb angle and weight distribution of patients with scoliosis	TBA	Kim G, Hwangbo P-N
The effects of Pilates breathing trainings on trunk muscle activation in healthy female subjects: a prospective study	2017	Kim ST & Lee JH. (2017) . J Phys Ther Sci 29(2), 194-197.
Effects of Structured Exercise Training in Children and Adolescents With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.	2019	Klepper S, Mano Khong TT, Klotz R, Gregorek AO, Chan YC, Sawade S. Pediatr Phys Ther. 2019 Jan;31(1):3-21. doi: 10.1097/PEP.0000000000000555. Review. Erratum in: Pediatr Phys Ther. 2019 Apr;31(2):232.
Effects of a 16-week Pilates exercises training program for isometric trunk extension and flexion strength	2017	Kliziene I, et al (2017) . J Bodyw Mov Ther 21(1), 124-132.
Effects of Pilates and trunk strengthening exercises on health-related quality of life in women with chronic low back pain.	2016	Kofotolis N, Kellis E, Vlachopoulos SP, Gouitas I, Theodorakis Y. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2016 Nov 21;29(4):649-659.
Effects of Pilates and aqua fitness training on older adults' physical functioning and quality of life	TBA	Kovach MV, Plachy JK, Bognar J, Balogh ZO, Barthalos I
Impact of the clinical Pilates exercises and verbal education on exercise beliefs and psychosocial factors in healthy women	2015	Küçük F & Livanelioglu A. (2015). J Phys Ther Sci Nov;27(11):3437-43. (Non-randomized controlled trial)
Improvements in cognition, quality of life, and physical performance with clinical Pilates in multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial.	2016	Küçük F; Kara B; Poyraz EÇ; ?diman E, Journal Of Physical Therapy Science [J Phys Ther Sci], ISSN: 0915-5287, 2016 Mar; Vol. 28 (3), pp. 761-8; Publisher: Society of Physical Therapy Science; PMID: 27134355
Effects of Pilates exercises on pain, functional status and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis	2013	Kucukcakir N, Altan L, Korkmaz N
Exercise Therapy in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.	2018	Kuntze G; Nesbitt C; Whittaker JL; Nettel-Aguirre A; Toomey C; Esau S; Doyle-Baker PK; Shank J; Brooks J; Benseler S; Emery CA, Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation [Arch Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1532-821X, 2018 Jan; Vol. 99 (1), pp. 178-193.e1; Publisher: W.B. Saunders; PMID: 28729171
Modified Pilates as an adjunct to standard physiotherapy care for urinary incontinence: a mixed methods pilot for a randomised controlled trial.	2018	Lausen A, Marsland L, Head S, Jackson J, Lausen B. BMC Womens Health. 2018 Jan 12;18(1):16. doi: 10.1186/s12905-017-0503-y.
Influence of Pilates mat and apparatus exercises on pain and balance of businesswomen with chronic low back pain	TBA	Lee C-W, Hyun J, Kim SG
Effects of 8-week Pilates exercise program on menopausal symptoms and lumbar strength and flexibility in postmenopausal women	TBA	Lee H, Caguicla JMC, Park S, Kwak DJ, Won D-Y, Park Y, Kim J, Kim M
Effect of mat pilates exercise on postural alignment and body composition of middle-aged women	2016	Lee HT, et al. (2016) . J Phys Ther Sci 28(6), 1691-1695.
Clinical effectiveness of a Pilates treatment for forward head posture	TBA	Lee S-M, Lee C-H, O'Sullivan D, Jung J-H, Park J-J
Effect of Pilates on sleep quality and quality of life of sedentary population	2013	Leopoldino AAO, et al. (2013) J Bodywork Move Ther 17, 5e10.
Effects of yoga on patients with chronic nonspecific neck pain: A PRISMA systematic review and meta-analysis.	2019	Li Y; Li S; Jiang J; Yuan S, Medicine [Medicine (Baltimore)], ISSN: 1536-5964, 2019 Feb; Vol. 98 (8), pp. e14649; Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; PMID: 30813206
The effects of Pilates exercise training on static and dynamic balance in chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.	2016	Lim HS; Kim YL; Lee SM, Journal Of Physical Therapy Science [J Phys Ther Sci], ISSN: 0915-5287, 2016 Jun; Vol. 28 (6), pp. 1819-24; Publisher: Society of Physical Therapy Science; PMID: 27390424
The effects of Pilates exercise on cardiopulmonary function in the chronic stroke patients: a randomized controlled trials.	2017	Lim HS; Yoon S, Journal Of Physical Therapy Science [J Phys Ther Sci], ISSN: 0915-5287, 2017 May; Vol. 29 (5), pp. 959-963; Publisher: Society of Physical Therapy Science; PMID: 28603381
Effects of pilates on patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review.	2016	Lin HT; Hung WC; Hung JL; Wu PS; Liaw LJ; Chang JH, Journal Of Physical Therapy Science [J Phys Ther Sci], ISSN: 0915-5287, 2016 Oct; Vol. 28 (10), pp. 2961-2969; Publisher: Society of Physical Therapy Science; PMID: 27821970
Influence of a Pilates exercise program on the quality of life of sedentary elderly people: a randomized clinical trial	TBA	Liposcki DB, Ferreirada Silva Nagata I, Silvano GA, Zanella K, Schneider RH
Immediate effects of Pilates based therapeutic exercise on postural control of young individuals with non-specific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial.	2017	Lopes S; Correia C; Félix G; Lopes M; Cruz A; Ribeiro F, Complementary Therapies In Medicine [Complement Ther Med], ISSN: 1873-6963, 2017 Oct; Vol. 34, pp. 104-110; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 28917361
Effectiveness of the Pilates method for individuals with nonspecific low back pain: clinical and electromyographic aspects	2017	Machado PM, et al. (2017) . Motriz: Revista de Educacao Fisica Vol 23, Iss 4 (2018)(4).
Effects of Pilates Exercises on Flexibility and Volleyball Serve Skill in Female College Students.	2014	Manshouri M, et al. (2014) Sport Scientific & Practical Aspects 11(2): 19-25. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
A comparison of 12 weeks of Pilates and aquatic training on the dynamic balance of women with mulitple sclerosis	TBA	Marandi SM, Nejad VS, Shanazari Z, Zolaktaf V
A comparison between Pilates exercise and aquatic training effects on mascular strength in women with mulitple sclorosis	TBA	Marandi S-M, Shahnazari Z, Minacian V, Zahed A
Effects of a mat Pilates program on cardiometabolic parameters in elderly women	TBA	Marinda F, Magda G, Ina S, Brandon S, Abel T, ter Goon D
Effects of feedback-based balance and core resistance training vs. Pilates training on balance and muscle function in older women: a randomized-controlled trial.	2015	Markovic G; Sarabon N; Greblo Z; Krizanic V, Archives Of Gerontology And Geriatrics [Arch Gerontol Geriatr], ISSN: 1872-6976, 2015 Sep-Oct; Vol. 61 (2), pp. 117-23; Publisher: Elsevier Biomedical Press; PMID: 26036209
EMG activity of trunk stabilizer muscles during Centering Principle of Pilates Method	2013	Marques NR, et al. (2013) . J Bodywork Move Ther 17(2): 185-191.
Pilates exercise or stationary cycling for chronic non-specific low back pain: does it matter? A randomized controlled trial with 6-month follow-up [with consumer summary]	2013	Marshall PWM, Kennedy S, Brooks C, Lonsdale C (Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2013 Jul 1;38(15):E952-9. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e318297c1e5.)
Improving muscular endurance with the MVe Fitness Chair in breast cancer survivors: a feasibility and efficacy study [with consumer summary]	TBA	Martin E, Battaglini C, Groff D, Naumann F
The Pilates Method in Physical Education. School Health Intervention Programme: Quality of Life, Physical Fitness and Postural Attitude of Secondary School Students in Cantabria	2018	Martínez RB. (2018) T. / El mètode Pilates a l'educació física. Efectes d'un programa d'intervenció en la salut escolar: qualitat de vida, estat físic i actitud postural d'estudiants d'ESO a Cantàbria. Apunts: Educació Física i Esports (131), 108-108.
Pilates-based physiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis patients) [Spanish]	2017	Martinez-Pubil JA, Acebal Gonzalez A, Vega Alvarez JA
Pilates physiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis patients: impact on lung function) [Spanish]	2017	Martinez-Pubil JA, Acebal-Gonzalez A, Fernandez Alvarez R, Vega-Alvarez JA
Mat Pilates training reduced clinical and ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive women using antihypertensive medications.	2015	Martins-Meneses DT, et al. (2015) Int J Cardiol Jan 20;179:262-8. (Non-randomized, controlled trial)
Effect of Eight Weeks of Pilates training on Orexin and Insulin Resistance Levels in Overweight Children	2018	Maryam Bagheri N, and Bahram A. (2018) . Yafteh, Vol 20, Iss 1, Pp 112-122 (2018)(1), 112. (Persian)
Effects of different physical exercise programs on blood pressure and anthropometric indicators of the elderly) [Portuguese]	TBA	Mazini Filho ML, Macedo Vianna J, de Oliveira Venturini GR, de Matos DG, Caputo Ferreira ME
Evaluation of different physical exercise programs in muscular strength and functional autonomy of elderly women) [Portuguese]	TBA	Mazini Filho ML, Macedo Vianna J, de Oliveira Venturini GR, de Matos DG, Caputo Ferreira ME
The comparison of the effectiveness of conventional therapeutic exercises and Pilates on pain and function in patients with knee osteoarthritis.	2018	Mazloum V, Rabiei P, Rahnama N, Sabzehparvar E. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018 May;31:343-348. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2017.10.008. Epub 2017 Oct 22.
The effects of selective Pilates versus extension-based exercises on rehabilitation of low back pain.	2018	Mazloum V, Sahebozamani M, Barati A, Nakhaee N, Rabiei P. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2018 Oct;22(4):999-1003. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.09.012. Epub 2017 Sep 20.
Pilates Method for Women's Health: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials.	2015	Mazzarino M; Kerr D; Wajswelner H; Morris ME, Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation [Arch Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1532-821X, 2015 Dec; Vol. 96 (12), pp. 2231-42; Publisher: W.B. Saunders; PMID: 25912668
The Pilates client on the hypermobility spectrum	2018	McNeill W, et al. (2018) . J Bodywork Move Ther 22(1), 209-216.
Effects of Pilates exercises on health-related quality of life in individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis	2013	Mendonca TMS, Terreri MTRA, Silva CHM, Neto MB, Pinto RMC, Natour J, Len CA (Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Nov;94(11):2093-102. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2013.05.026. Epub 2013 Jun 24)
Effects of two exercise protocols on postural balance of elderly women: a randomized controlled trial.	2015	Mesquita LS; de Carvalho FT; Freire LS; Neto OP; Zângaro RA, BMC Geriatrics [BMC Geriatr], ISSN: 1471-2318, 2015 Jun 02; Vol. 15, pp. 61; Publisher: BioMed Central; PMID: 26033080
Exercise for ankylosing spondylitis: An evidence-based consensus statement.	2016	Millner JR, Barron JS, Beinke KM, Butterworth RH, Chasle BE, Dutton LJ, Lewington MA, Lim EG, Morley TB, O'Reilly JE, Pickering KA, Winzenberg T, Zochling J. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2016 Feb;45(4):411-27. doi: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 18. Review.
Pilates in noncommunicable diseases: A systematic review of its effects.	2018	Miranda S, Marques A. Complement Ther Med. 2018 Aug;39:114-130. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.05.018. Epub 2018 Jun 8. Review.
Efficacy of the Pilates method for pain and disability in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis	2013	Miyamoto GC, Costa LOP, Cabral CMN
Efficacy of the addition of modified Pilates exercises to a minimal intervention in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial	2013	Miyamoto GC, Costa LOP, Galvanin T, Cabral CMN (Phys Ther. 2013 Mar;93(3):310-20. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20120190. Epub 2012 Oct 11.)
Different doses of Pilates-based exercise therapy for chronic low back pain: a randomised controlled trial with economic evaluation.	2018	Miyamoto GC, Franco KFM, van Dongen JM, Franco YRDS, de Oliveira NTB, Amaral DDV, Branco ANC, da Silva ML, van Tulder MW, Cabral CMN. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Jul;52(13):859-868. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098825. Epub 2018 Mar 10.
Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Different Weekly Frequencies of Pilates for Chronic Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial.	2016	Miyamoto GC; Moura KF; Franco YR; Oliveira NT; Amaral DD; Branco AN; Silva ML; Lin C; Cabral CM, Physical Therapy [Phys Ther], ISSN: 1538-6724, 2016 Mar; Vol. 96 (3), pp. 382-9; Publisher: Oxford University Press; PMID: 26294680
Principles of the Pilates method and its effect on low back pain, pelvic floor function and posture: a systematic review of the literature) [Hebrew]	TBA	Mizrachi N, Kafri R
Effect of a Mat Pilates Program with TheraBand on Dynamic Balance in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: Feasibility Study and Randomized Controlled Trial.	2018	Mollinedo-Cardalda I; Cancela-Carral JM; Vila-Suárez MH, Rejuvenation Research [Rejuvenation Res], ISSN: 1557-8577, 2018 Oct; Vol. 21 (5), pp. 423-430; Publisher: Mary Ann Liebert Inc.; PMID: 29207899
Active eccentric stretch against passive analytical hamstring stretch in subacute or chronic non-specific low back pain, a pilot trial) [Spanish]	2013	Montero-Camara J, Sierra-Silvestre E, Monteagudo-Saiz AM, Lopez-Fernandez J, Lopez-Lopez Al, Barco-Perez ME (Fisioterapia Volume 35, Issue 5, September–October 2013, Pages 206-213)
Pilates Improvement the Individual Basics of Service and Smash in Volleyball	2018	Montesano P & Mazzeo F. (2018) . Sport Mont 16(3), 25-30.
Functional Role of Internal and External Visual Imagery: Preliminary Evidences from Pilates	2018	Montuori S, et al. (2018) . Neural Plasticity (26) 327-344.
Comparison of deep and superficial abdominal muscle activity between experienced Pilates and resistance exercise instructors and controls during stabilization exercise	2015	Moon JH, Hong SM, Kim CW, Shin YA. (2015) . J Exerc Rehabil Jun 30;11(3):161-8. (Retrospective Case-Control Study)
The Effects of the Pilates Training Method on Balance and Falls of Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized ControlledTrials.	2018	Moreno-Segura N; Igual-Camacho C; Ballester-Gil Y; Blasco-Igual MC; Blasco JM, Journal Of Aging And Physical Activity [J Aging Phys Act], ISSN: 1543-267X, 2018 Apr 01; Vol. 26 (2), pp. 327-344; Publisher: Human Kinetics Publishers, Inc.; PMID: 28771109
Pilates versus general exercise effectiveness on pain and functionality in non-specific chronic low back pain subjects.	2015	Mostagi FQ, Dias JM, Pereira LM, Obara K, Mazuquin BF, Silva MF, Silva MA, de Campos RR, Barreto MS, Nogueira JF, Lima TB, Carregaro RL, Cardoso JR. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2015 Oct;19(4):636-45. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.11.009. Epub 2014 Nov 18.
Pilates improves pain, function and quality of life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.	2015	Natour J; Cazotti Lde A; Ribeiro LH; Baptista AS; Jones A, Clinical Rehabilitation [Clin Rehabil], ISSN: 1477-0873, 2015 Jan; Vol. 29 (1), pp. 59-68; Publisher: SAGE Publications; PMID: 24965957
The effect of Pilates training on memory quotient (MQ) in multiple sclerosis patients) [Persian]	2015	Nezakatolhosseini M, Esfarjani F, Dinani ZM
Pilates Method for Lung Function and Functional Capacity in Obese Adults.	2015	Niehues JR, Gonzáles I, Lemos RR, Haas P. (2015) Altern Ther Health Med Sep-Oct;21(5):73-80. (Literature Review)
Daily Pilates exercise or inactivity for patients with low back pain: a clinical prospective observational study	2014	Notarnicola A, et al. (2014) . Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 50(1): 59-66.
Effect of individualized physical rehabilitation programs on respiratory function in women with post-mastectomy syndrome.	2019	Odinets T; Briskin Y; Pityn M, Physiotherapy Theory And Practice [Physiother Theory Pract], ISSN: 1532-5040, 2019 May; Vol. 35 (5), pp. 419-426; Publisher: Informa Healthcare; PMID: 29482414
Effect of individualised physical rehabilitation programmes on the functional state of the cardiovascular system in women with post-mastectomy syndrome	2019	Odynets T, Briskin Y
Effect of water physical therapy on quality of life in breast cancer survivors	c2018	Odynets T, Briskin Y, Perederiy A, Pityn M, Svistelnyk I
Effectiveness of individualised intervention on pulmonary function in women with post-mastectomy syndrome	2018	Odynets T, Briskin Y, Putrov S ( Physiotherapy Practice and Research, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 147-154, 2018)
The effect of the clinical pilates exercises on kinesiophobia and other symptoms related to osteoporosis: Randomised controlled trial.	2017	Oksuz S, Unal E. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2017 Feb;26:68-72. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.12.001. Epub 2016 Dec 8.
Effects of the Pilates method on variables related to functionality of a patient with traumatic spondylolisthesis at L4-L5: A case study.	2016	Oliveira LC, et al. (2016) J Bodyw Mov Ther 2016 Jan;20(1):123-31
Comparison between static stretching and the Pilates method on the flexibility of older women.	2016	Oliveira LC, Oliveira RG, Pires-Oliveira DA. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Oct;20(4):800-806. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.01.008. Epub 2016 Feb 3.
Effects of the Pilates exercise compared to whole body vibration and no treatment controls on muscular strength and quality of life in postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial	2018	Oliveira LC, Oliveira RG, Pires-Oliveira DAA ( Isokinetics and Exercise Science, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 149-161, 2018)
Pilates increases the isokinetic muscular strength of the knee extensors and flexors in elderly women	2017	Oliveira LC, Oliveira RG, Pires-Oliveira DADA (J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Oct;21(4):815-822. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.01.006. Epub 2017 Jan 8.)
Pilates increases isokinetic muscular strength of the elbow flexor and extensor muscles of older women: A randomized controlled clinical trial.	2017	Oliveira LC; Pires-Oliveira DA; Abucarub AC; Oliveira LS; Oliveira RG, Journal Of Bodywork And Movement Therapies [J Bodyw Mov Ther], ISSN: 1532-9283, 2017 Jan; Vol. 21 (1), pp. 2-10; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 28167180
Muscle activation during Pilates exercises in participants with chronic non-specific low back pain - a cross-sectional case control study	2017	Oliveira NT, et al. (2017) . Arch Phys Med Rehabil 98(1): 88-95.
Comparing the effectiveness of Pilates and resistance training exercises and their combination (Pilates and resistance) on quality of life, muscular strength and fatigue in women with multiple sclerosis) [Persian]	TBA	Pahlevanzade M, Rahmani Nia F, Shabani R, Shabani A
Comparative study of Pilates exercise verses Yogasana in the treatment of fibromyalgia syndrome: a pilot study	TBA	Palekar TJ, Basu S
Effect of exercise on breast cancer-related lymphedema: what the lymphatic surgeon needs to know	2019	Panchik D, Masco S, Zinnikas P, Hillriegel B, Lauder T, Suttmann E, Chinchilli V, McBeth M, Hermann W
Neuromuscular efficiency of the multifidus muscle in pilates practitioners and non-practitioners.	2018	Panhan AC, et al. (2018) Complement Ther Med (40):61-63.
Chronic low back pain and postural rehabilitation exercise: a literature review.	2018	Paolucci T, Attanasi C, Cecchini W, Marazzi A, Capobianco SV, Santilli V. J Pain Res. 2018 Dec 20;12:95-107. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S171729. eCollection 2019. Review.
The effect of Pilates-based exercise on mobility, postural stability, and balance in order to decrease fall risk in older adults	2014	Pata RW, et al. (2014) . J Bodywork Move Ther 18(3): 361-367.
Pain Perception and Stabilometric Parameters in People With Chronic Low Back Pain After a Pilates Exercise Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial.	TBA	Patti A; Bianco A; Paoli A; Messina G; Montalto MA; Bellafiore M; Battaglia G; Iovane A; Palma A, Medicine [Medicine (Baltimore)], ISSN: 1536-5964, 2016 Jan; Vol. 95 (2), pp. e2414; Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; PMID: 26765419
Effects of Pilates exercise programs in people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review	2015	Patti AB, A, Paoli A, Messina G, Montalto MA, Bellafiore M, Battaglia G, Iovane A, Palma A
Immediate effects of core stabilization exercise on beta-endorphin and cortisol levels among patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain: a randomized crossover design [with consumer summary]	TBA	Paungmali A, Joseph LH, Punturee K, Sitilertpisan P, Pirunsan U, Uthaikhup S
Effectiveness of Exercise Programs in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.	2018	Pécourneau V; Degboé Y; Barnetche T; Cantagrel A; Constantin A; Ruyssen-Witrand A, Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation [Arch Phys Med Rehabil], ISSN: 1532-821X, 2018 Feb; Vol. 99 (2), pp. 383-389.e1; Publisher: W.B. Saunders; PMID: 28860095
Is pilates as effective as conventional pelvic floor muscle exercises in the conservative treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence? A randomised controlled trial.	2015	Pedriali FR, Gomes CS, Soares L, Urbano MR, Moreira EC, Averbeck MA, de Almeida SH. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016 Jun;35(5):615-21. doi: 10.1002/nau.22761. Epub 2015 Mar 21.
Trunk Muscle EMG During Intermediate Pilates Mat Exercises in Beginner Healthy and Chronic Low Back Pain Individuals	2017	Pereira ILR, et al. (2017) . J Manipulative Physiol Ther 40(5): 350-357.
Pilates versus resistance exercise on the serum levels of hs-CRP, in the abdominal circumference and body mass index (BMI) in elderly individuals	TBA	Pestana MDS, Netto EM, Pestana MCS, Pestana VS, Schinoni MI
Effectiveness of conventional physical therapy and Pilates' method in functionality, respiratory muscle strength and ability to exercise in hospitalized chronic renal patients: A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.	2015	Pinto JS; Sarmento LA; Pereira da Silva AP; Cabral CM; Chiavegato LD, Journal Of Bodywork And Movement Therapies [J Bodyw Mov Ther], ISSN: 1532-9283, 2015 Oct; Vol. 19 (4), pp. 604-15; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 26592217
Pilates for women with breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	2018	Pinto-Carral A; Molina AJ; de Pedro Á; Ayán C, Complementary Therapies In Medicine [Complement Ther Med], ISSN: 1873-6963, 2018 Dec; Vol. 41, pp. 130-140; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 30477829
Effectiveness of group body psychotherapy for negative symptoms of schizophrenia: multicentre randomised controlled trial	2016	Priebe S, Savill M, Wykes T, Bentall RP, Reininghaus U, Lauber C, Bremner S, Eldridge S, Rohricht F (Br J Psychiatry. 2016 Jul;209(1):54-61. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.115.171397. Epub 2016 May 5.)
Effects of Pilates exercise on general health of hemodialysis patients.	2017	Rahimimoghadam Z, Rahemi Z, Mirbagher Ajorpaz N, Sadat Z. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Jan;21(1):86-92. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.05.012. Epub 2016 Jun 3.
Pilates exercises and quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease.	2019	Rahimimoghadam Z; Rahemi Z; Sadat Z; Mirbagher Ajorpaz N, Complementary Therapies In Clinical Practice [Complement Ther Clin Pract], ISSN: 1873-6947, 2019 Feb; Vol. 34, pp. 35-40; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 30712743
The effect of 12 weeks combined (strength, endurance, Pilates, PNF) exercise training on Fibrin D-dimer (FDD) and interleukin-6 levels in female multiple sclerosis patients with different levels of disability) [Persian]	2018	Raisi Z, Faramarzi M, Banitalebi E, Samieyan M (Volume 26, Issue 116 (7-2018) J Adv Med Biomed Res 2018, 26(116): 35-47)
To analyse the effectiveness of yoga, Pilates and Tai Chi exercise for chronic mechanical neck pain -- a randomized controlled trial	TBA	Rajalaxmi V, Jasim A, Sudhakar S, Mohan Kumar G
The effect of Pilates exercises on the severity and duration of dysmenorrhea and duration of bleeding in young girls) [Persian]	2018	Ramezanpour MR, Kargozar M
Scrutiny effects of eight-weeks Pilates exercise on women's postmenopausal depressive symptoms) [Persian]	2013	Rashidi Z, Daneshfar A, Shojaei M, Bagherian-Sararoudi R, Rouzbahani R, Marandi SM, Rashidi A (Journal of Isfahan Medical School 2013 Jun;31(231):408-415)
The effects of Pilates vs. aerobic training on cardiorespiratory fitness, isokinetic muscular strength, body composition, and functional tasks outcomes for individuals who are overweight/obese: a clinical trial	2019	Rayes ABR, et al. (2019) . PeerJ 7: e6022.
Rationale and design of the tele-exercise and multiple sclerosis (TEAMS) study: A comparative effectiveness trial between a clinic- and home-based telerehabilitation intervention for adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in the deep south.	2018	Rimmer JH; Thirumalai M; Young HJ; Pekmezi D; Tracy T; Riser E; Mehta T, Contemporary Clinical Trials [Contemp Clin Trials], ISSN: 1559-2030, 2018 Aug; Vol. 71, pp. 186-193; Publisher: Elsevier; PMID: 29859267
Effects of exercise on pain of musculoskeletal disorders: a systematic review	2014	Rodrigues EV, Gomes ARS, Tanhoffer AIP, Leite N
Effectiveness of a physical activity programme based on the Pilates method in pregnancy and labour.	2017	Rodriguez-Diaz L, Ruiz-Frutos C, Vazquez-Lara JM, Ramirez-Rodrigo J, Villaverde-Gutierrez C, Torres-Luque G. Enferm Clin. 2017 Sep - Oct;27(5):271-277. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2017.05.008. Epub 2017 Jul 6. English, Spanish.
One Year of Pilates Training for Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Pilot Study.	2019	Rodriguez-Lopez ES, et al. (2019) J Altern Complement Med.
Effects of 8 weeks of mat-based Pilates exercise on gait in chronic stroke patients	TBA	Roh S, Gil HJ, Yoon S
Effects of modified Pilates on variability of inter-joint coordination during walking in the elderly	TBA	Roh S, Yoon S, Kim JN, Lim HS
The effect of 12-week Pilates exercises on wellness in the elderly	2016	Roh SY. (2016a) . J Exerc Rehabil 12(2), 119-123.
An exploration of implications for the development of Pilates instructor system through identification of instructors' difficulties	2016	Roh SY. (2016b) . J Exerc Rehabil 12(4), 355-362.
Pilates Reformer exercises for fall risk reduction in older adults: A randomized controlled trial.	2018	Roller M; Kachingwe A; Beling J; Ickes DM; Cabot A; Shrier G, Journal Of Bodywork And Movement Therapies [J Bodyw Mov Ther], ISSN: 1532-9283, 2018 Oct; Vol. 22 (4), pp. 983-998; Publisher: Churchill Livingstone; PMID: 30368346
Effects of Pilates, McKenzie and Heckscher training on disease activity, spinal motility and pulmonary function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a randomized controlled trial	TBA	Rosu MO, Topa I, Chirieac R, Ancuta C
Alternative Exercise Traditions in Cancer Rehabilitation.	2017	Ruddy KJ, Stan DL, Bhagra A, Jurisson M, Cheville AL. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2017
Effects of Pilates and aerobic exercise on symptoms of premenstrual syndrome in non-athlete girls) [Persian]	2013	Samadi Z, Taghian F, Valiani M
Pilates for people with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.	2019	Sánchez-Lastra MA; Martínez-Aldao D; Molina AJ; Ayán C, Multiple Sclerosis And Related Disorders [Mult Scler Relat Disord], ISSN: 2211-0356, 2019 Feb; Vol. 28, pp. 199-212; Publisher: Elsevier B. V; PMID: 30623859
Effect of conventional physical therapy and Pilates in functionality, respiratory muscle strength and ability to exercise in hospitalized chronic renal patients: a randomized controlled trial.	2017	Sarmento LA; Pinto JS; da Silva AP; Cabral CM; Chiavegato LD, Clinical Rehabilitation [Clin Rehabil], ISSN: 1477-0873, 2017 Apr; Vol. 31 (4), pp. 508-520; Publisher: SAGE Publications; PMID: 27178843
The effect of Pilates exercise on body composition in sedentary overweight and obese women	2016	Savkin R, Aslan UB
The impact of Pilates exercises on motor control of inactive middle-aged women	2018	Seghatoleslami A, et al. (2018). Sleep and Hypnosis 20(4), 262-266.
Effects of clinical Pilates exercises on patients developing lymphedema after breast cancer treatment: a randomized clinical trial	TBA	Sener HO, Malkoc M, Ergin G, Karadibak D, Yavuzsen T
The effect of Pilates-based exercises on pain, functioning and lumbar lordosis in women with non-specific chronic low back pain and hyperlordosis) [Persian]	2014	Shahrjerdi S, Golpayegani M, Daghaghzadeh A, Karami A (Volume 22, Issue 94 (7-2014) J Adv Med Biomed Res 2014, 22(94): 120-131)
Effect of 12-week Pilates and aquatic training on fatigue in women with multiple sclerosis) [Persian]	2013	Shanazari Z, Marandi SM, Minasian V (Volume 23, Issue 98 (3-2013) J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2013, 23(98): 257-264)
Efficacy of Pilates based mat exercise on quality of life, quality of sleep, and satisfaction with life in type 2 diabetes mellitus	2018	Sharma D, et al. (2018) . Romanian Journal of Diabetes Nutrition & Metabolic Diseases 25(2), 149-156.
Electromyographic activity of rectus abdominis muscles during dynamic Pilates abdominal exercises	2015	Silva GB, et al. (2015) . J Bodyw Mov Ther Oct;19(4):629-35.
Mat Pilates and aquatic aerobic exercises for women with fibromyalgia: a protocol for a randomised controlled blind study	2019	Silva HJA, et al. (2019) . BMJ Open 9(2): e022306.
A Comparative Study of the Effects of Pilates and Latin Dance on Static and Dynamic Balance in Older Adults.	2017	Sofianidis G, Dimitriou AM, Hatzitaki V. J Aging Phys Act. 2017 Jul;25(3):412-419. doi: 10.1123/japa.2016-0164. Epub 2017 Jun 28.
The effect of a Pilates program on chronic non-specific lower back pain and stable range of motion in 40 to 60 year old women) [Persian]	2017	Sokhanguei Y, Sadoughi Noorabadi M, Sadoughi Noorabadi N, Hatami M (Volume 25, Issue 108 (3-2017) J Adv Med Biomed Res 2017, 25(108): 20-30)
Effects of Pilates exercises on sensory interaction, postural control and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis.	2016	Soysal Tomruk M, Uz MZ, Kara B, Ä°diman E. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2016 May;7:70-3. doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2016.03.008. Epub 2016 Mar 22.
Equipment-based Pilates reduces work-related chronic low back pain and disability: A pilot study	2016	Stieglitz DD, et al. (2016) . J Bodyw Mov Ther Jan;20(1):74-82.
The Effects of a Pilates-Based Exercise Rehabilitation Program on Functional Outcome and Fall Risk Reduction in an Aging Adult Status-Post Traumatic Hip Fracture due to Fall	2013	Stivala A, & Hartley G. (2013) . J Geriatr Phys Ther Nov 25.
Pilates and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Methods Induce Similar Strength Gains but Different Neuromuscular Adaptations in Elderly Women.	2017	Teixeira de Carvalho F, de Andrade Mesquita LS, Pereira R, Neto OP, Amaro Zangaro R. Exp Aging Res. 2017 Oct-Dec;43(5):440-452. doi: 10.1080/0361073X.2017.1369624. Epub 2017 Sep 26.
The Pilates method and cardiorespiratory adaptation to training	2016	Tinoco-Fernandez M, et al. (2016) . Res Sports Med 24(3), 281-286.
Physical and psychological benefits of once-a-week Pilates exercises in young sedentary women: A 10-week longitudinal study	2016	Tolnai N, et al. (2016) . Physiol Behav 163, 211-218.
Effectiveness of adding voluntary pelvic floor muscle contraction to a Pilates exercise program: an assessor-masked randomized controlled trial.	2016	Torelli L; de Jarmy Di Bella ZI; Rodrigues CA; Stüpp L; Girão MJ; Sartori MG, International Urogynecology Journal [Int Urogynecol J], ISSN: 1433-3023, 2016 Nov; Vol. 27 (11), pp. 1743-1752; Publisher: Springer; PMID: 27250831
Effect of pilates method on inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength in the elderly	2018	Tozim BM & Navega MT. (2018) . / Efeito do método pilates na força dos músculos inspiratórios e expiratórios em idosos. Brazilian Journal of Kineanthropometry & Human Performance 20(1), 1-9.
Effect of Pilates Method on 6-10 Year Old Dancesport Dancers’ Physiological Responses	2018	Tumonyt? G, et al. (2018) ". Baltic Journal of Sport & Health Sciences 109(2): 41-49.
Effects of Pilates and yoga in patients with chronic neck pain: A sonographic study.	2018	Uluğ N, Yılmaz ÖT, Kara M, Özçakar L. J Rehabil Med. 2018 Jan 10;50(1):80-85. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2288.
Results of a Pilates exercise program in patients with chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.	2017	Valenza MC; Rodríguez-Torres J; Cabrera-Martos I; Díaz-Pelegrina A; Aguilar-Ferrándiz ME; Castellote-Caballero Y, Clinical Rehabilitation [Clin Rehabil], ISSN: 1477-0873, 2017 Jun; Vol. 31 (6), pp. 753-760; Publisher: SAGE Publications; PMID: 27260764
Low back pain in young elite field hockey players, football players and speed skaters: Prevalence and risk factors	2015	van Hilst J, et al. (2015) . J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 28(1):67-73.
Pilates and aerobic training improve levels of depression, anxiety and quality of life in overweight and obese individuals.	2017	Vancini RL, Rayes ABR, Lira CAB, Sarro KJ, Andrade MS. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2017 Dec;75(12):850-857. doi: 10.1590/0004-282X20170149.
The effects of the Pilates method on hamstring extensibility, pelvic tilt and trunk flexion) [Spanish]	2015	Vaquero Cristobal R, Lopez Minarro PA, Alacid Carceles F, Esparza Ros F
The effects of 16-weeks Pilates mat program on anthropometric variables and body composition in active adult women after a short detraining period	2015	Vaquero-Cristóbal R, et al. (2015) . Nutr Hosp Apr 1;31(4):1738-47. doi: 10.3305/nh.2015.31.4.8501. (Spanish)
The effects of a Reformer Pilates program on body composition and morphological characteristics in active women after a detraining period.	2016	Vaquero-Cristobal R, et al. (2016) Women Health 56(7): 784-806.
Effects of Pilates and aqua fitness training on older adults' physical functioning and quality of life.	2013	Vécseyné MK, et al. (2013) Biomedical Human Kinetics 5(1):22-27. (Randomized Controlled Trial)
The effects of 12 weeks Pilates-inspired exercise training on functional performance in older women: A randomized clinical trial.	2017	Vieira ND, Testa D, Ruas PC, Salvini TF, Catai AM, de Melo RC. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Apr;21(2):251-258. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.06.010. Epub 2016 Jun 21. Erratum in: J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2017 Jul;21(3):747.
The influence of Pilates exercises on body balance in the standing position of hearing impaired people [with consumer summary]	TBA	Walowska J, Bolach B, Bolach E
Exercise Benefits for Chronic Low Back Pain in Overweight and Obese Individuals.	2017	Wasser JG, Vasilopoulos T, Zdziarski LA, Vincent HK. PM R. 2017 Feb;9(2):181-192. doi: 10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.06.019. Epub 2016 Jun 23. Review.
Effectiveness of Pilates exercise in treating people with chronic low back pain: a systematic review of systematic reviews	2013	Wells C, Kolt GS, Marshall P, Hill B, Bialocerkowski A
Electrical Activity of Powerhouse Muscles During the Teaser Exercise of Pilates Using Different Types of Apparatus	2017	Werba DD, et al. (2017) . Percept Mot Skills 124(2), 452-461.
Pilates for low back pain (Cochrane review) [with consumer summary]	2015	Yamato TP, Maher CG, Saragiotto BT, Hancock MJ, Ostelo RWJG, Cabral CMN, Menezes Costa LC, Costa LOP 2015
Pilates for low back pain.	2016	Yamato TP; Maher CG; Saragiotto BT; Hancock MJ; Ostelo RW; Cabral CM; Costa LC; Costa LO, Sao Paulo Medical Journal = Revista Paulista De Medicina [Sao Paulo Med J], ISSN: 1806-9460, 2016 Jul-Aug; Vol. 134 (4), pp. 366-7; Publisher: Associac?a?o Paulista de Medicina; PMID: 27557145
Pilates for Low Back Pain: Complete Republication of a Cochrane Review.	2016	Yamato TP; Maher CG; Saragiotto BT; Hancock MJ; Ostelo RW; Cabral CM; Costa LC; Costa LO, Spine [Spine (Phila Pa 1976)], ISSN: 1528-1159, 2016 Jun; Vol. 41 (12), pp. 1013-21; Publisher: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; PMID: 26679894
Pilates for low back pain.	2015	Yamato TP; Maher CG; Saragiotto BT; Hancock MJ; Ostelo RW; Cabral CM; Menezes Costa LC; Costa LO, The Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews [Cochrane Database Syst Rev], ISSN: 1469-493X, 2015 Jul 02; (7); Publisher: Wiley; Cochrane AN: CD010265; PMID: 26133923
Interrater reliability of a Pilates movement-based classification system	2015	Yu KK, et al. (2015). J Bodywork Move Ther 19(1): 160-176.
Pilates-based mat exercises and parameters of quality of life in women with type 2 diabetes	TBA	Yucel H, Uysal O
Effectiveness of Pilates-based exercises on upper extremity disorders related with breast cancer treatment.	2017	Zengin Alpozgen A, Razak Ozdincler A, Karanlik H, Yaman Agaoglu F, Narin AN. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017 Nov;26(6). doi: 10.1111/ecc.12532. Epub 2016 Jun 23.